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Home // Our Specialties // Gynecology // Hysterosalpingography(HSG)

Hysterosalpingography(HSG)

What is Hysterosalpingography?

Hysterosalpingography is a diagnostic procedure that uses fluoroscopy (live x-ray) and a contrast material to view the uterus and fallopian tubes to detect any abnormality. It helps identify gynecological and hormonal disorders in females including reproductive system disorders. 

What are the Indications for Hysterosalpingography?

Hysterosalpingography is indicated if you have gynecological and infertility issues such as:

  • Irregular menstrual cycle
  • Not able to conceive 
  • Multiple miscarriages
  • Chronic hormonal imbalances

What are the Contraindications for Hysterosalpingography?

Hysterosalpingography is not indicated under the following circumstances:

  • If the woman is menstruating
  • Has an active pelvic or urinary tract infection
  • Is pregnant or thinks she may be pregnant 
  • If you have any allergy to contrast or iodine

Preparation for Hysterosalpingography

Before scheduling hysterosalpingography, your doctor will perform a thorough health check-up which includes review of your medical history, current weight, clinical symptoms, blood tests, and lab reports. Details about your menstrual cycle and other health issues will also be noted.

  • You will be informed about the common dos and don’ts before the procedure.
  • The procedure is usually performed 3-7 days after your period. More details about the suitable time to perform hysterosalpingography can be given by your doctor.
  • You may have certain dietary restrictions. 
  • You should take your previous medications as per your doctor’s instructions. 
  • You will be asked to change into a surgical gown for the procedure. 
  • Remove any metallic objects from your body as they may interfere with the X-rays and disturb your results.
  • You may also be informed to empty your bladder.
  • Before the procedure, your doctor may inform you to take:
  • NSAIDs: To minimize discomfort during the procedure
  • Antibiotics: To reduce the risk of infection

These instructions are given to maximize the success of hysterosalpingography.

Procedure

Hysterosalpingography is usually performed as an outpatient procedure. It does not require general anesthesia. You will be awake during the procedure.

  • You are asked to lie on your back on the examination table, with your knees bent and feet in stirrups. 
  • An instrument called a speculum is inserted into your vagina to keep the cervix, which is the mouth of the uterus, open during the procedure.
  • The cervix is cleaned using a cotton swab to minimize the risk of infection.
  • A local anesthetic may be injected or applied to the cervix to minimize discomfort.
  • Next, a thin tube called a cannula is inserted into the cervix. It acts as a channel through which contrast dye is introduced in the uterus and fallopian tubes.
  • The dye is injected into the cannula which circulates in the uterus and fallopian tubes through the bloodstream. You may feel a warm or tingly sensation due to this.
  • The X-ray machine is placed close to your abdomen. 
  • You may be asked to hold your breath for a few minutes. 
  • Then, X-ray images are taken in various positions to cover all aspects of your uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
  • Once the X-ray imaging is complete, the cannula is removed.

You will be discharged after the procedure. Your doctor will prescribe you medications for pain relief and to reduce the risk of infection. 

Care and Recovery for Hysterosalpingography

You may experience minor discomfort after the procedure due to the speculum and cannula placed in your cervix. This can be managed with medicines given by your doctor.

  • You can return to your normal activities soon after the procedure. 
  • Walking and mild intensity exercises are encouraged to improve the flexibility of your pelvic floor muscles.

You should visit your doctor if you experience severe pain, bleeding, swelling, itching, inflammation, rashes, or skin discoloration in your external genitalia.

What are the Risks and Complications of Hysterosalpingography?

Every procedure carries some amount of risk. Likewise, hysterosalpingography may also have certain risks and complications. These may include:

  • Unwanted reaction to the contrast dye
  • Injury to the vagina or uterine lining called the endometrium
  • Infection leading to muscle spasms and pain

What are the Benefits of Hysterosalpingography?

Hysterosalpingography helps in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as:

  • Infertility 
  • Endometriosis 
  • Fallopian tube blockage 
  • Fibroids
  • Uterine polyps
  • Congenital problems
  • Ovarian or uterine cancers